ASBOG Practice Exam 2025 – Comprehensive All-in-One Guide to Ace Your Geology Licensure!

The law of initial horizontality states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity. Over time, geological processes can alter this horizontal arrangement, leading to tilting or folding. The key aspect of this law is that it addresses the orientation of sedimentary layers at the time of deposition.

Choosing the option that pertains to age relationships between beds is significant because the law of initial horizontality does not provide any information on the relative ages of those layers. It focuses purely on their initial orientation and does not imply any chronological sequence or age difference between sedimentary beds. Layers of sediment may be deposited at different times but can appear horizontal regardless of their ages, as processes like erosion, subsidence, or tectonics have the potential to affect those layers independently of their deposition time.

In contrast, the other options relate more directly to the implications of the law: tectonic forces can affect layers after their initial deposition, folding can occur due to such forces, and the uniform thickness of layers is a conceptual consideration that can be influenced by environmental conditions during deposition. However, discussing the age relationships requires separate geological principles such as those derived from stratigraphy or radiometric dating, which the law of initial horizontality does not address.